"In a nutshell, the paradigm shift involves two primary changes: 1) a shift from an equilibrium point of view where local populations and ecosystems are viewed as in balance with local resources and conditions, to a disequilibrium point of view where history matters and populations and ecosystems are continually being influenced by disturbances; and 2) a shift from considering populations and ecosystems as relatively closed or autonomous systems independent of their surroundings, to considering both populations and ecosystems as open and strongly influenced by the input and output or flux of material and individuals across system borders."
From: "Ecology's New Paradigm: What Does It Offer Designers and Planners," by H. Ronald Pulliman and Bart R. Johnson, in Ecology and Design: Frameworks for Learning, edited by Bart R. Johnson and Kristina Hill.
How does our view of our work change if we adopt these two system principles?
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